ساختار درس هفتم

كاربرد though , although , even though   ( تضاد غیر منتظره  )

كلمات ربط بالا به معناي ‹‹ اگر چه ›› براي بيان تضاد و تمايز بكار ميروند.اين كلمات ربط در ابتداي يك جمله واره قيدي بكار برده مي شوند و باعث مي شوند تا مفهوم جمله پايه  غير منتظره و دور از انتظار باشد. به مثالهاي زير توجه كنيد.

  Although she was terribly tired, she went on a walking.

  She went on a walking although she was terribly tired.

در جملات بالا با وجود خستگي زياد براي قدم زدن بيرون رفتن دور از انتظار است. در جملات بالا از كلمه though نيز مي توان استفاده كرد.

كاربرد even though  تاكيد قوي تري بر تضاد دارد وبيشتر در انگليسي رسمي بكار ميرود. به مثالهاي زير توجه كنيد.

Even though I didn’t understand the words, I knew what he wanted.

I saw the movie once more even though I had seen it several times.

نكته :  بعد از though , although , even though  بايد توجه داشت كه ازيك جمله واره ( clause ) استـفاده مي شود.مثال 

                                   . I went to bed although I wasn't t   

کلمات و ترکیبات ربط though , although , even though مي توانند غالبا بجاي هم استفاده شوند. اما گاهي اوقات though به مفهوم however ‹‹ اگر چه›› مي تواند درنقش قید در انتهاي یک جمله ساده (تک جمله) بكار رود كه در اين كاربرد نمي توا نيم از كلمات ربط even though و although بجای  though استفاده كنیم. زیرا در این حالت نقش کلمه ربط (conjunction  ) را ندارد. به مثالهاي زير توجه كنيد. 

It is a nice day. It is a bit cold, though.

Our team lost. It was a good game, though.

The house isn’t very nice. I like the garden though.

نكته: براي بيان تضاد از  in spite of  وdespite به معناي ‹‹ علي رغم›› نيز مي توان استفاده كرد. بعد از دو ساختار ياد شده از اسم يا اسم مصدر استفاده مي كنيم.

‏They crossed the river although it was dangerous.

Although it was dangerous, they crossed the river.

In spite of danger they crossed the river.

They crossed the river in spite of danger.

despite داراي كاربرد رسمي مي باشد. مثال :

Despite the bad weather they tried to finish the work.

نمونه سئوال : گزينه درست را انتخاب كنيد.

    1-I didn’t pass the test,    ...      I had studied a lot.     ( سراسري انساني-84)

a) as        b) whether        c) because             d) although

2-    ...      they played well, they never looked like winning.( آزاد انساني-84) 

a) Since     b) While       c) Although            d) Whereas

3- I didn’t recognize him,      ...       we had met before.

a) since     b) unless       c) however             d) although

4-     …    this computer is quite cheap, it is one of the best machine on the market.                                             ( سنجش-83)

a) Until   b) However   c) unless                  d) Although

5-She was happy to have a child even      ...      being a mother meant a lot of responsibility.

a) although         b) though        c) while     d) whereas

6-         ...        we are a small company, we produce a lot of cars every year.

a) While        b) However         c)Whereas         d) Although

7- It is not very useful. It is beautiful,………., isn’t it?

a) though      b) although          c) even though     d) but

8- I saw the movie once more ………I had seen it several times.

a) since        b) whether           c) even though      d) how ever

9- Many people don’t know how to use a computer …….it is available in many places.

a) though        b) but               c) because             d) as

10- He couldn’t help watching the game to the end……….he was late.

a) even          b) when             c) because             d) although

كليد سئوالات:

  (1-d)  (2-c)  (3-d)  (4-d)  (5-b)  (6-d)  (7-a)  (8-c)  (9-a)  (10-d)